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Grammar Lesson: Passive Voice
What is Passive Voice?
Passive voice is a grammatical construction where the subject of the sentence receives the action rather than performing it.
Active Voice
The subject performs the action
Subject + Verb + Object
Passive Voice
The subject receives the action
Subject + be + Past Participle + (by + agent)
Examples by Tense
Present Simple
Active: The teacher [teaches] a lesson.
Passive: A lesson [is][taught] by the teacher.
Past Simple
Active: Peter [took] the book.
Passive: The book [was][taken] by Peter.
Present Perfect
Active: They [have completed] the project.
Passive: The project [has been][completed] by them.
Future Simple
Active: The chef [will prepare] the meal.
Passive: The meal [will be][prepared] by the chef.
Past Perfect
Active: She [had written] the letter.
Passive: The letter [had been][written] by her.
Present Continuous
Active: The workers [are building] a house.
Passive: A house [is being][built] by the workers.
Key Rules
Only transitive verbs (verbs that take an object) can be made passive
The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
The agent (who performs the action) is often omitted or introduced with "by"
The tense of the auxiliary verb "be" matches the tense of the main verb in the active sentence
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